Holden Caulfield Literary Psychoanalysis Free Essays

Holden uses dissociation as a defensive mechanisms, to avoid his self-inflicted emotional distress, by separating his own feelings to suit that of a situation. For example, when Holden learns that Stradlater will be going on a date with Jane Gallagher, he represses his obvious feelings for her and, simply tells Stradlater to â€Å"give her my regards†, saying that he is â€Å"not in the moos right now† (Salinger 42-43). Though he is encouraged to do down and greet Jane, he blatantly ignores it and instead continues to only talk about Jane and his what he can remember about her. We will write a custom essay sample on Holden Caulfield Literary Psychoanalysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is an example of how Holden repressed his own emotions and did contrary to what he wanted to do. While Holden is out all night, drinking, dancing, and clubbing, he meets Lillian Simmons and dances with her, they are both uninterested and pay no attention to one another, and he realizes that â€Å"she wasn’t listening though. So [he] ignored her† (93). Holden seems to have cast his antisocial and misanthropic nature aside as he pretends to be interested in things that he clearly dislikes. Holden seems to see himself as a suave popular playboy, but he hints at the loneliness that he is truly feeling, and his desperate want for company when he tries to nonchalantly pass off that he â€Å"tried to get them to stick around for a while but they wouldn’t† (98). He seems unwilling to admit his great yearn to be with other people. As he indifferently describes all the times that his offers were rejected. Holden’s control over his own true emotions conflicts with the actions and words that he expresses. How to cite Holden Caulfield Literary Psychoanalysis, Papers

The motet Essay Example For Students

The motet Essay The genesis of the motet is, like the biblical birth of Eve, a matter of appendage. In the case of Eve, a rib was removed from Adam and fashioned into a women; the motet was a rib added to pre-existing clausulae. James C. Thomson describes this development as follows: In the thirteenth century, perhaps sooner, it became the practice to add a new text to the upper voice of a clausula. The newly worded, was then called motetus. (Thomson, 56) Despite its somewhat haphazard birth, the form was widely accepted. Grout describes its popularity as: Thousands of motets were written in the thirteenth century; the style spread from Paris throughout France and to all parts of western Europe. (Grout, 99)Originality was not a hallmark of the thirteenth century motet. In fact, of the two essential characteristics of the motet, one was that it was constructed on a cantus firmus, some pre-existent melody (Thomson, 57) The other was that it had at least two different texts. As Grout points out, the st ock of motet melodies, both tenors and upper parts, lay in the public domain; composers and performers freely helped themselves to the music of their predecessors without acknowledgment and altered it without notice. (Grout, 99)A unique characteristic of the motet of this period is the mixing of melodies and rhythms. Alfred Einstein described this technique as: This may be called polymelody, the compulsory combination of the two or more distinct melodies with different rhythms (Einstein, 26) With the acceptance of such combinations came the development of stranger mixtures. Side by side with a sacred liturgical text appeared secular texts of sometimes outrageous contrast. The mixture of sacred and secular text was a result of the fact that less and less notice was taken of the connection between the texts of the tenor and duplum. Einstein theorized this development was arbitrary, however most belief the music is premised on an, internal perception (Bukofzer, 28) and to the musician, to them a detail was a value in itself. (Mathiassen, 70)The motet blended the different planes of music. An additional development in the technique of mixing and adding is that not only was it polyphonic, polyrythmic, and polytextual, but music was now polyglot: one or more vernacular (French) texts might be substituted for Latin ones. (Thomson, 57)During this time, composers of the Notre Dame School concerned themselves with the development of clausulae in rhythmically identical patterns. (Harman, 53) Harman writes: This was not only the culmination of the Notre Dame preoccupation with rhythm, but was also a very important innovation, because it eventually developed into the chief structural device of the fourteenth century motet. (Harman, 53) The structural device alluded to above, goes under name of isorhythm, (same rhythm). At first, this concept of single rhythm was applied solely to the tenor part, but gradually the principle was applied to the other parts. Creating a greater unity and sense of whole to the listener. Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) was a master of the isorythmic motet. (Thomson, 59) It was he who pioneered the application of the principle to the other parts. He and Guillaume de Machaut (c.1300-c.1377), whose claim that the ear should be used to check a completed composition was the first indication that the combination of the given melodies was beginning to yield to a freer, more individual attitude towards creative art. (Einstein, 34) Machaut was the most prominent practitioner of the strophic motet and preferred the use of French text. (Saide, 625) The fourteenth century also witnessed a change in attitude toward text. The polytextual thirteenth-century motet was replaced by the fourteenth-century forms, which typically had a single text, treated either as a solo (the French ballad) or distributed between the voices in such a way as to keep the words always clearly understandable. (Grout, 157)The development of the motet from the thirte enth to the fifteenth centuries can be characterized as a gradual turning away from the abstract, nonsensuous principles of construction toward pleasure of sounds for their own sake, and toward a clarity of structure immediately apparent from the music itself, without reference to esoteric meanings. (Grout, 157) Many of the motets written during the fourteenth century were constructed in a fashion that has come to be called isoperiodic. In these the phrases were normally kept at the same length but were laid out so as to produce overlaps between the various voices. (Saide, 625) Up until the fifteenth century, the principle of cantus firmus, or pre-existent melody use, was rigidly adhered to. Problems In Intercultural Communication EssayTomas Luis de Victoria, a contemporary of Palestrina, was a more subjective composer of the motet. Though his style is like that of Palestrina, Victoria infuses his music with a mystical intensity, a quality which makes it both thoroughly personal and typically Spanish.(Grout, 273)Orlando di Lasso, another great contemporary of Palestrina, composed in a deeply personal tone. In his motets both the over-all form and the details are generated from a pictorial, dramatic approach to the text.(Grout, 274) Lassos In Hora Ultima demonstrates this approach in the abrupt musical depictions of those worldly vanities(Grout, 274)William Byrd, an English contemporary of Palestrina, is noted for his perfection of the imitative techniques of the Continent and, in contrast to Palestrina, his more intimate, subjective language.(Grout, 276)With the end of the sixteenth century, music history ushers in the baroque period. The three hundred year development of the all important motet has laid the foundation of music for the great composers which would follow. The motet is called one of the most important music styles in history and its contributions have been limitless to our music history. Bukofzer, Manfred F., Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Music, W.W. Norton Co. Inc., New York, NY. 1950. Einstein, Alfred., A Short History of Music, Vintage Books, New York, NY. 1954. Grout, Donald J., A History of Western Music, W.W. Norton Co. Inc., New York, NY. 1973. Harman, Alec, Man and His Music, Part One: Medieval and Early Renaissance Music, Schocken Books, New York, NY. 1972. Mathiassen, Finn, The Style of the Early Motet, Dan Fog Musikforlag, Copenhagen, Denmark 1966. Saide, Stanley, The New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol. 12, Macmillan Publishing Ltd., London, England 1980. Thomson, James C., Music Through the Renaissance, Wm. C. Brown Co. Dubuque, Iowa 1968.Bibliography:

Forecasting free essay sample

The purpose of the project is to determine the most suitable technique to generate the forecast of cocoa production. The models understudied are based on Univariate Modelling Techniques i. e. Naive with Trend Model, Average Change Model, Average Percent Change Model, Single Exponential Smoothing, Double Exponential Smoothing and ARESS method. These models are normally used to determine the short-term forecasts (one month ahead) by analyzing the pattern such as monthly cocoa production. The performances of the models are validated by retaining a portion of the monthly observations as holdout samples. The selection of the most suitable model was indicated by the smallest value of mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Based on the analysis, ARRES Method Model is the most suitable model for forecasting monthly cocoa production. Keywords: Univariate Modelling Techniques; Forecast Model; Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Percentage We refer very frequently to future events in our daily lives, we look forward, we have the foresight to do something, we are able to foretell, we foresee an event and we say that something is forthcoming. We will write a custom essay sample on Forecasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Forecasting can be defined as the science and the art to predict a future event with some degree of accuracy. There are two types of forecast which are event forecast and time series forecast. The future occurrence of an outcome and the timing of such an occurrence are referring to an event forecast. The use of time series information in the prediction of the variable interest is the term of time series forecast. In a time series data set, the information is arranged according to time. Univariate Modelling Techniques are methods for analyzing data on a single variable at a time. Examples of Univariate Modelling Techniques are the Naive Models, Methods of Average, the Exponential Smoothing Techniques and the Box-Jenkins Methodology. Both Double Exponential Smoothing and Holts Method illustrated in this study are classified in the Exponential Smoothing Techniques. Other models available in this same category are Single Exponential Smoothing, Adaptive Response Rate Exponential Smoothing (ARRES), Holts Method and Holt- Winters Trend Seasonality. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective of the study is to choose the most suitable model to forecast the cocoa production. The output of the study will serve as a guide in selecting a model for future forecasting or projection of cocoa production. Forecasting on cocoa production can make the supplier easy to understand the demand of cocoa. Cocoa serves as an important crop around the world: a cash crop for growing countries and a key import for processing and consuming countries. Cocoa travels along a global supply chain crossing countries and continents The complex production process involves numerous parties including, farmers, buyers, shipping organizations, processors, chocolates, and distributers. Cultivation of cocoa at the farm level is a delicate process as crops are susceptible to various conditions including weather patterns, diseases, and insects. Unlike larger, industrialized agribusinesses, the vast majority of cocoa still comes from small, family-run farms, who often confront outdated farming practices and limited organizational leverage. A steady demand from worldwide consumers draws numerous global efforts and funds committed to support and improve cocoa farm sustainability. The major producing countries which is in Africa: Cotedlvoire (40% global), Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon. In Asia and Oceania: Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea. In Americas: Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia. In Africa and Asia, a typical farm covers 2 to 5 hectares (4. 9 -12. 3 acres). Small cocoa farms provide more than 90% of world cocoa production. Short-range forecasts of cocoa production are important for the formulation of policy by private concerns in the cocoa trade, by governments and public agencies of cocoa exporting countries, and by the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). In spite of very large stocks of cocoa held in exporting countries, and notwithstanding the International Cocoa Agreement, prices of cocoa in recent years have responded significantly to major year-to-year changes in production. This response was demonstrated late in 1963 when prices rose sharply with anticipations (later realized) of a record low Brazilian crop for 1964. Again in late 1969 prices rose sharply in response to reports of frost affecting the 1970 Brazilian crop. Executive committee in London illustrates the main changes in production between 2002/2003 and 2011/2012, using a three year moving average to smooth out the effect of weather related aberrations. During this period, world production increased by 3. % per annum. Africas production expanded at an average annual rate of 3. 7% and its share of world production rose. METHODOLOGY In case study, data cocoa productions (tones) were used from year 2003 until 2011 and the data for cocoa production are in monthly. Based on data, the researcher used excels to fit the 6 model. The 6 model is Naive with Trend Model, Simple Exponential Smoothing Model, Double Exponential Smoothing Model, Average Change Model, Average Percent Change Model and ARESS method. For the each model, the initial value had been identified, mean square error (MSE) and mean bsolute percentage error (MAPE). For Simple exponential, double exponential smoothing model and ARRES method, the researcher used try and error method to find the best value of alpha and beta to get the smallest error for the model. From the output, the researcher compared the value of MSE and MAPE for each model to determine which model can be used to forecast the cocoa production. The best model has the smallest value of MSE and MAPE. When developing forecast model, the researcher divide the data set into two parts The tirst part is fitting and t second part is hold-out. Finally the researcher presents all MSE and MAPE in summary table and makes the conclusion the best model that can be used to forecast the cocoa production. There are six models that had been used to find the best model to forecast the production cocoa: i. Naive Model With Trend Naive model is modified to take this characteristic into account. The application of this model is fairly common among organizations. One reason for its popularity is that it can be used even with fairly short time series. Thus overcoming the common problem in most organizations where insufficient data would prohibit the application f sophisticated modeling techniques. Ft+l † Where Ft+l = is the I-step-ahead forecast at period i made in period t for 1=1, 2, 3 = is the actual observation at the time t. it. Average Change Model The average change model is based on the premise that the forecast value is equal to the actual value in the current period plus the average of the absolute changes experienced up to that point in time. This model is useful when the historical data being analyzed are characterized by period-to-period changes that are approximately of the same size. However, this model tends to lag behind turning points and that all periods are weighted equally, irrespective of their importance, when deriving the forecast values.

Mrs. Sen Essay Example

Mrs. Sen Paper Sassouni English 10 H Mrs. Tunick 11 September 2011 When moving from one country to another, most people face difficulty in combining both cultures, and fail to adapt to their new country. In the book of short stories, Interpreter of Maladies, by Jhumpa Lahiri, the protagonists are often placed in an uncomfortable or unknown position. The reader is able to judge the characters based on how they act during their uncomfortable position. In the short story â€Å"Mrs. Sen†, Mrs. Sen is unable to find the right balance between her original Indian heritage and American culture, while the protagonist in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† is successful in striking the best balance between the two cultures. In the short story, â€Å"Mrs. Sen†, Mrs. Sen only displays her Indian heritage through view of India as well as her material Indian possessions because she did not want to leave in the first place. Throughout the story, Mrs. Sen expresses her love for the fish in Calcutta, India. While the fish from her local grocer is indeed fresh and reserved for her, She constantly remarks that the fish is not as fresh in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Sen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Sen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs. Sen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For Sen, the fish isn’t just food, it’s a piece of India. She is showing that, in her mind, India will always be superior to America. She didn’t choose a new country as well as a new fish. Moreover, Mrs. Sen displays her culture through her traditional cutting blade and her saris. She constantly is using the blade because it reminds her of gatherings with fellow Indian women. She holds on to these gatherings because in America, she is a prisoner in her own home, lacking social relationships. At the same time, her saris are symbolic of her Indian customs and how she will never stop â€Å"wearing† them. Furthermore, the story ends with Sen attempting to drive to the market to purchase the fish, but she crashes the car in the process. Sen attempting to buy the fish is a symbol for her attempt to finally â€Å"buy† into American culture. By ending the story with a crash, Lahiri shows that for some immigrants, assimilation will not be possible. As a result, Sen will stay miserable and uncomfortable in America. While placed in an unfamiliar America, Mrs. Sen proves that a balance between her original heritage and her new culture is not possible for her because she lacks the opportunities to assimilate. In the short story, â€Å"The Third and Final Continent†, the protagonist shows that assimilation to America is possible by eventually achieving a perfect balance between Indian and American Cultures. For his flight to America, he purchased â€Å"The Student Guide to North America†, even though he was no longer a student. By reading the guide, the protagonist shows that he is willing to and plans to learn how to adapt to his new society. He later successfully makes adaptations due to his determination to assimilate to America. Although the protagonist proves to welcome American culture, he does not forget his roots in his Indian heritage. He proves his preservation of Indian customs through food: â€Å"In the end I bought a small carton of milk and a box of cornflakes. That was my first meal in America. I ate at my desk. I preferred it to hamburgers or hotdogs†¦ at the time I had yet to consume beef† (Lahiri 88%). Although the protagonist does not show that he is Hindi, he still feels that he should not eat beef, because it is part of his past culture. The protagonist keeps the customs of his past culture because a shared custom gives a sense of unity to other Indians for the protagonist. By the end of the story, the protagonist recognizes his balance between his two cultures: â€Å"We are American citizens now, so that we can collect social security when it is time. Though we visit Calcutta every few years, and bring back more drawstring pajamas and Darjeeling tea, we have decided to grow old today. I work in a small college library. We have a son that attends Harvard University. Mala now longer drapes her sari over her head†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lahiri 99%). The balance translates into a more complete life for the protagonist and his family. By deciding to grow old in America happily, Lahiri shows that assimilation was possible for the protagonist because he had the materials and opportunities to be successful in his assimilation. The protagonist is able to achieve a favorable balance of his original heritage and American culture by eventually assimilating to America, while still keeping some of his original Indian customs. In the short story, â€Å"Mrs. Sen†, Mrs. Sen fails to accept American culture by only expressing her Indian side while, the protagonist in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† achieves a balance of both of his cultures. The assimilations translate into a miserable life for Sen, while the protagonist of â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† eventually obtains a complete life. For Sen, it was impossible for her to assimilate, partly because she originally had no intent on mixing cultures and partly because she is an Indian woman, who is not given the opportunities and sources to assimilate to America. The protagonist of â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† on the other hand, is able to prove that with the right opportunities, assimilation is possible and favorable. Making such a drastic culture change leaves immigrants in a difficult position to assimilate.

Hemiplegia Baseball Adaptation Essay

Hemiplegia Baseball Adaptation Essay If I were to adapt the activity of Baseball for a non-ambulatory person with hemiplegia on the left side, to participate in an integrated program, I would have to consider the 4 categories of modifications to have a good plan.They are: Procedural/Operational which focuses on rules of the game, Evironmental deals with where the game will be played, Equipment focuses on adaptations to playing equipment and Human Intervention involves human contact, praise and instruction.Focusing on Procedural/Operational modification, I may change a few rules. I may have a pinch hitter for the runner who will run from home plate with the batter to 1st base and then take over from there or have the batter have a few seconds of lead time before the ball can be thrown after their hit. I will also allow the batter to either use a batting tee instead of having the ball pitched to them or they can have the ball pitched to them at a low speed, whatever they are most comfortable with.English: "Home Plate Umpi re signals a pinch hitter...

The Effects that William Penn Building Has on Its Surroundings Research Paper

The Effects that William Penn Building Has on Its Surroundings - Research Paper Example Penn himself suggested the name the Latin name of "Sylvania" for this place, which means land of woods, but King Charles of England amended it to â€Å"Pennsylvania† which means Penn’s woods, in order to pay great regards for Penn. In the honor of the founder of the city, a huge bronze statue of Penn is mounted over the top of city’s hall building, also termed as the William Penn building. Penn was not only a good state developer, but he was also one of the early voices for democracy & the union of states. He had very good relations with the colonials & he was in favor of united states of Europe too, along with the United States of America. He proposed some principles for the Pennsylvanian government which are of great inspiration in today’s US constitution. He argued in his most writings that unity is the solution to the problems faced in that time particularly & there is no place for war & unnecessary occupation over people & places. Since his childhood he had seen many sufferings; he was a deep reader of human reaction to sufferings & epidemics & always preferred peace & harmony between people of every place & every religion. The William Penn building has been built on a public square termed by Penn as the Centre square since it is located at the middle of the city of Philadelphia. The centre square is one of the squares laid by Penn himself & planned that it would be a ten-acre place for public buildings. Hence according to his wishes, the Philadelphia city hall has been built at the place. The construction started in the year 1871 & since then many changes have been made to the building with a total cost of $24 million. It covers a total area of 58,222 m ² & is of 167  m height including the bronze statue of William Penn. The building was completed in the year 1901 & since then it has been one of the tallest buildings in the world. For many years, it was forbidden to build any building in the surroundings which gets higher than the statue of Penn, but then the restriction was lifted. It is also the largest  municipal building in the United States. It was designed by a famous architect of that time s John McArthur, Jr. in the second empire style of architecture.  

Nursing Research Criteria Qualitative Study Paper

Nursing Criteria Qualitative Study - Research Paper Example According to the authors, hand hygiene is paramount in controlling the cross infection and its associated ill effects such as development of antibiotic resistance and high morbidity rate. In a qualitative research, the authors demonstrate using focus group discussion (FGDs) and data collected from 530- bedded rural teaching hospital in India (Joshi et al., 2012). The literature review was done using current sources that revealed three major strategies have been recommended insofar to minimize healthcare infections which include: campaigns to generate awareness of significance of hand hygiene, to increase commitment in the course of improving adherence in hand hygiene and testing the implementation of the hand hygiene (Joshi et al., 2012). Further study was done if identify if the strategies are in practice. Interestingly, a retrospective research was done to using old sources to determine the practice of hand hygiene in the old times and if the prevalence of the cross infection was consistent with adherence. One of the old source that was used in retrospect in the literature review is that of Pittet that examined on the adherence and its effect which established that the cross infection due to poor hand hygiene was very high hence need of coming with modality of redressing the threat (Joshi et al., 2012). Additionally, the author did a very thoughtful evaluation was done on the literature review that indicated where the strength existed and the weakness of the review.